Fig. 3: Mechanism and features of the 0D vdW interfacial ferroelectricity.

a Atomic vacancy transferring across WS2 0D interface. b vdW sliding along the WS2 0D interface. c I–V curves of the device with and without PMMA. Insert: schematic of the device with and without spin-coated PMMA. d, e Interlayer differential charge density for the up and down polarizations, respectively. An iso-surface value of 7.0 × 10-5 e/bohr3 was used. f Their line profiles along z, respectively. g Interlayer potential.