Fig. 4: Constitutive lack of α2δ−1 increases effort exertion without affecting the learning of instrumental actions.
From: Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control
a Schematic representation of the fixed ratio and PR schedule used for the α2δ−1 WT and KO mice. b Lever press (LP) rate for the 9 days on the FR schedule for α2δ−1 WT (n = 27 mice; 14 male and 13 female) and KO (n = 20 mice; 10 male and 10 female). c Schematic representation of the progressive ratio (PR) schedule. The value (n) of the ratio (R) increment of 5 for every received reward (i), starting with R = 1. d Representative peri-reward raster histograms of LP for α2δ−1 WT and KO mice. e Cumulative reward count over the PR session (bin=5 min) for α2δ−1 WT (n = 22; 17.2 ± 0.8 rewards) and KO (n = 19; 20.2 ± 0.6 rewards) animals. f Breakpoint for α2δ−1 WT (n = 22; Breakpoint = 79.1 ± 3.8 and KO (n = 19; Breakpoint = 99.9 ± 2.6). g Schematic representation of the extinction schedule in which the action is not reinforced. α2δ−1 WT (n = 22) and KO (n = 19). The normalized number of lever press is reported for the 2 days of testing (dashed line). h Schematic representation of the omission schedule in which the reinforcer is delayed by each press. α2δ−1 WT (n = 17) and KO (n = 8). The lever press/min are reported for the 2 days of testing (dashed line). i Schematic representation of the devaluation test schedule. j Lever press/min in valued and devalued states after pre-feeding for α2δ−1 WT and KO mice. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Drawings (c, g, h) are created with BioRender.com.
