Fig. 2: Rheological characterization of the yielding of smooth and rough particle gels.

a Example stress amplitude sweep (elastic modulus G' and loss modulus G'') of a smooth (blue) and rough (red) primary particle gel at equal volume fraction (ϕ = 0.15), where the solid symbols represent reliable data and the empty symbols represent data points that might be affected by measurement errors (see text). b Elastic plateau moduli (G') for smooth (blue) and rough (red) particle gels of different volume fractions. c Apparent yield stress (last data point in LVE) for smooth (blue) and rough (red) particle gels for different volume fractions. d Creep measurements for a smooth particle gel at ϕ = 0.25 (G'Plateau = 4615 Pa). e Creep measurements for a rough particle gel at ϕ = 0.25 (G'Plateau = 3414 Pa).