Fig. 3: Sankey diagram visualization of node importance in the complete sepsis and COVID-BINNs.

The importance for each node was calculated layer-wise using SHAP and reduced by the level of connectivity, and represented as the outgoing flow from the given node. Node sizes are proportional to the sum of incoming and outgoing values, and therefore take connectivity and importance into account. Additionally, the nodes color reflects its relative importance, as darker nodes are more important in a given layer. The top 10 most important nodes in each layers are showcased and labeled, whereas the rest are gathered in the gray nodes at the bottom of the diagram (labeled “Other connections"). Nodes that had no connection to the labeled nodes i.e., both originated and targeted unlabeled nodes, were discarded for the sake of improved visualization. a The AKI-BINN. Nodes related to metabolic processes, such as lipoprotein assembly, remodeling and clearance and metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, and disease, such as infectious disease are considered important in the AKI-BINN. b The COVID-BINN. In the COVID-BINN, processes related to immunity, protein metabolism and programmed cell death are dominating. Source data for all panels are provided as a Source Data file.