Fig. 5: Domestication, differentiation and introgression of the Capsicum species.

Representative fruits are presented for each species/group. Circles and squares represent the domesticated and wild types, respectively. Dark red, light brown and brown represent Pubescens, Baccatum and Annuum clades, respectively. Genes related to population differentiation (dashed white arrows) and introgression (purple arrow) are indicated in white and purple colors, respectively. Selected genes (in bold) and QTLs related to fruit shape, fruit size/weight and pungency during pepper domestication (green arrows) are highlighted in pink, green and cyan, respectively. PUB, C. pubescens; CHA, C. chacoense; BAB, C. baccatum var. baccatum; BAP, C. baccatum var. pendulum; FRU, C. frutescens; CHN, C. chinense; GLA, C. annuum var. glabriusculum; ANN, C. annuum var. annuum. Genes/QTLs are the same as those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and Supplementary Fig. 8.