Fig. 5: Evolution, host range and distribution of coronaviruses in alphacoronavirus.

a The phylogenetic tree is based on the ORF1ab. The tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method using appropriate models (GTR + I + G) based on iqtree. The viral species of each subgenus and their corresponding labels are present on the right of the phylogenetic tree. In addition, we have annotated the identified recombinant sequences, which were confirmed through RDP detection and manual corrections. These recombinant sequences have been marked with blue asterisks. b Network based on virus in alphacoronavirus and the corresponding host. In the network, nodes represent the genus, subgenus, species, and hosts of viruses, with node size proportional to the number of viruses. We have employed abbreviations to show the viral species and hosts, with their corresponding full names available in Supplementary Data 2 and Data 6. Lines are drawn between virus genus and its subgenus, subgenus and its species, and between each virus species and its corresponding hosts. To distinguish between the three levels of connections, the line widths decrease in the order from genus to subgenus to species. Running Community Detection named Modularity in the statistics page yields a Modularity Class value for each node, with node color ranking based on the Modularity class. The line colors change with the node colors. c The distribution and proportion in China and the world of each virus species in subgenus of alphacoronavirus. The different colors in the pie chart represent different viral species. The size of each slice in the pie chart is proportional to the total number of viruses identified in that region. World map data were retrieved from Tianditu (https://www.tianditu.gov.cn/) and China map data were from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4167299.