Fig. 1: Generation of the TCF1⁺ subset of PD-1⁺ alloreactive CD8⁺ T cells in acute GvHD.

A Experimental setup: One day after a lethal dose (900 cGy) of irradiation, B6 mice received 1 × 10⁷ bone marrow cells and 4 × 10⁷ splenocytes isolated from naïve Balb/c mice intravenously. B, C Kinetics of body weight loss (B) and GvHD index score (C) during the course of acute GvHD. Data were combined from four independent experiments (n = 81), and the mean and SEM were shown. D–I In parallel with acute GvHD, B6 mice were chronically infected with LCMV Cl-13 virus after transient depletion of CD4⁺ T cells. D Gating strategy to determine TCF1⁺PD-1⁺ and TCF1^-PD-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cell subsets as well as PD-1^- CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen of chronically infected mice (top) and mice with acute GvHD (bottom) at 7 days post-infection or post-transplantation. E–I Phenotypic analysis of PD-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cell subsets during chronic viral infection and acute GvHD. Representative flow plots show the expression of inhibitory receptors (E), costimulators (F), activation markers (G), transcription factors (H), and effector marker granzyme B (I) on the indicated CD8⁺ T cell subset in the two models. The numbers in the graph represent the mean fluorescence intensity. Data are representative of two independent experiments, n = 4–5 mice per group per experiment. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.