Fig. 1: Definitions and representation of study data.

From 37 PWH in the HOPE cohort, samples were taken at 1–3 time points over a 3-year period. Resting CD4+ T cells were sorted into five phenotypic subsets including naïve (TN), stem-cell memory (TSCM), central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM), and effector memory cells (TEM). Three measurements were observed or calculated (panel headings): (A) subset frequency—the proportion of cells in each subset relative to total resting CD4 cells (“other” represents resting cells not among the five sorted subsets), (B) subset infection frequency—integrated HIV DNA in each subset per million subset cells, and (C) subset HIV DNA—the number of HIV DNA copies in a given subset per million CD4 cells. Colored dots indicate values from all participant time points and black diamonds represent means across all dots.