Fig. 1: AICAR derived from AICA is a bona fide metabolic product of TMZ.

a Representative tandem mass spectra of 15N-AICA and 15N-AICAR. b Cells were treated with the indicated dose of TMZ for 2 h. Intracellular AICA levels were measured by HPLC-MS. Data represent the mean ± SD from sextuplicate experiments. **P < 0.001. U87, 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P  =  4.02e-12; U251, 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P  =  2.5e-09; MES28, 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P  =  4.56e-10; GSC3028, 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P  =  2.86e-08. c Cells were treated with the indicated dose of TMZ for 2 h. Intracellular AICAR levels were measured by HPLC-MS. Data represent the mean ± SD from sextuplicate experiments. **P < 0.001. U87, 0 vs. 0.2 mM, P  =  3.51e-06; 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P = 2.16e-08; U251, 0 vs. 0.2 mM, P  =  1.93e-05; 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P = 5.2e-10; MES28, 0 vs. 0.2 mM, P  =  1.56e-09; 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P = 5.18e-10; GSC3028, 0 vs. 0.2 mM, P  =  3.93e-05; 0.2 vs. 0.4 mM, P = 4.38e-08. d Cells were treated with the indicated dose of AICA for 2 h. Intracellular AICAR was measured by HPLC-MS. Data represent the mean ± SD from sextuplicate experiments. **P < 0.001. U87, 0 vs. 0.25 mM, P  =  2.77e-11; 0.25 vs. 0.5 mM, P = 1.79e-08; U251, 0 vs. 0.25 mM, P  =  5.11e-11; 0.25 vs. 0.5 mM, P = 4.5e-06; MES28, 0 vs. 0.25 mM, P  =  9.92e-10; 0.25 vs. 0.5 mM, P = 3.95e-10; GSC3028, 0 vs. 0.25 mM, P  =  7.52e-10; 0.25 vs. 0.5 mM, P = 6.09e-09. Statistics: b–d unpaired Student’s t-test for two-group comparison. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.