Fig. 2: Antibiofilm studies of the combinations of Fer and SnF2.
a, b The effect of different concentrations of Fer (1 mg of Fe/ml) and SnF2 (0–250 ppm of F) on the bacterial viability (a) and the mass of biofilm (b) after 43 h. 1/4SnF2, 1/2SnF2, and SnF2 indicate 62.5 ppm of F, 125 ppm of F, and 250 ppm of F, respectively, (n = 6, 3 independent experiments with two replicates). The effect of different concentrations of Fer (0-1 mg of Fe/ml) and SnF2 (250 ppm of F) on the bacterial viability (c) and the mass of biofilm (d) after 43 h. 1/4Fer, 1/2Fer, and Fer indicate 0.25 mg of Fe/ml, 0.5 mg of Fe/ml, and 1 mg of Fe/ml, respectively, (n = 6, 3 independent experiments with two replicates). e Confocal microscopy images of biofilms with or without treatment with Fer (1 mg of Fe/ml) and SnF2 (250 ppm of F) after 43 h. Bacterial cells were stained with SYTO 9 (in green), and EPS was labeled with Alexa Fluor 647-dextran conjugate (in red). Quantitative analysis of biovolume of bacterial cells (f) and EPS (g) in the biofilm with or without Fer + SnF2 (analyzed using COMSTAT2; n = 5, taken 5 random images from three independent experiments). All biofilms except the control group were treated with H2O2 (1%, v/v) for 5 min at the end of the experimental period (43 h) before the analysis. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
