Fig. 4: Technology shares and annualized technology costs of rural cooking and heating.
From: Costs and health benefits of the rural energy transition to carbon neutrality in China
a Cooking; b Heating; c Dominant contemporary technology and transformation costs for each province in 2040. In (a) and (b), the stacked area charts present technology shares, and dark red lines depict annualized technology costs. In (c), the dominant contemporary technology for heating is determined based on whether technologies relying on electricity or natural gas meet more heating service demand, and the same principle applies to cooking technologies as well. Blue and dark green dots indicate southern and northern provincial regions, respectively, with dot size indicating additional transformation costs. Note that economic costs and monetized benefits in our study are expressed at constant 2020 prices.
