Fig. 5: Catalytic stability and substrate universality of ZAF(Ser).

a–c Residual catalytic activity of ZAF(Ser) and native hydrolase at various pH conditions (a), incubation temperatures (b) and with organic solvents (c). Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 3). d Comparison of catalytic activities of ZAF(Ser) and native hydrolase for degradation of OTA. e, f Degradation efficiency of OTA by ZAF(Ser) in actual samples, including biological fermentation broth (e) and red wine (f) in the left panels, the right panels showing photos of samples. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 3). g–n Chemical structure diagram for amide-containing chemicals and corresponding degradation efficiency, g OTA; h chlorpropham; i N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine; j N-Boc-L-phenylalanine; k L-alanyl-L-tyrosine; l N-acetyl-L-cysteine; m paracetamol; n N-acetyl m-toluidine.