Fig. 7: Type I interferon, inflammation, and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tissues upon secondary coronavirus challenge are regulated of according to antigenic distance of the inoculating and challenge virus. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Type I interferon, inflammation, and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tissues upon secondary coronavirus challenge are regulated of according to antigenic distance of the inoculating and challenge virus.

From: Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2

Fig. 7: Type I interferon, inflammation, and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tissues upon secondary coronavirus challenge are regulated of according to antigenic distance of the inoculating and challenge virus.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

qRT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from nasal turbinate (A), right cranial lung (B), and mediastinal lymph node (C) tissue following secondary challenge in coronavirus inoculated hamsters. Gene regulation was analyzed according to response type and results were displayed as a heat map according to fold regulation. Groups are arranged according to antigenic distance between the inoculating and secondary challenge virus. Genes were organized by type I interferon response (IFN-β, STAT2, IRF1, IRF3, and TLR3), type II/general interferon response (IRF2, STAT1, CXCL10, and IFN-γ), TH1 response (IFN-γ, IL-12, and T-bet), T cell makers and cytokines (CD3, IL-2, IL-21, CXCR5, CD4, and CD8A), cytotoxic markers and cytokines (CD8A, PRF1 and GZMB), TH2 response (GATA-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), T regulatory response (FoxP3, IL-10, and TGF-β), B cell markers and cytokines (CD19, AID, BCL6, and IL-6), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF). Primers were designed or acquired specific to hamster genes (Table 2). Fold-change was calculated via ΔΔCt against baseline (Day 0) with BACT as the housekeeping gene. The legend depicts fold change in which upregulation (>1) is represented ranging in from white (=1) to red. Any downregulation (<1) is represented in blue. At least three animals were analyzed for each timepoint. Statistical differences from Mock-Ancestral group can be found in Supplementary Table 4 for nasal turbinates, Supplementary Table 5 for right cranial lung and Supplementary Table 6 for the mediastinal lymph node. Bar graphs of this data can be found in Supplementary Fig. 10 for nasal turbinates and Supplementary Fig. 11 for right cranial lung. A full heatmap of the mediastinal lymph node data can be found in Supplementary Fig. 12 and the corresponding bar graphs are in Supplementary Fig. 13. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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