Fig. 4: Device response properties of green PeLEDs with and without SAM.

a Response time (Ttotal = Trise + Tfall) of different devices at 100 Hz, where Trise = T80 − T20 is the rise time of light intensity after the voltage is on, and Tfall = T20 − T80 is the fall time of light intensity after the voltage is off. b Relative light intensity–frequency curves of different devices. The intersections with the −3 dB line represent the cut-off frequencies. c EIS measurement of different devices. The inset is a zoom-in figure of the marked area. d Circuit model used for the EIS analysis, and the extracted values of each component.