Fig. 3: Controllable synthesis of oxygen groups on O-DG catalysts.

a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of PG, GO, O-PG, DG-30 and O-DG-30. b C K-edge of GO, PG, O-PG and O-DG-30. c O K-edge of GO, PG, O-PG and O-DG-30. d The relationship of Id/Ig values and percentage of O species among O-PG, O-DG-5, O-DG-15 and O-DG-30 (The error bars represent two independent samples). XPS O 1s spectra of (e) O-PG and (f) O-DG-30.