Table 2 Change in weight (kg and %), percent body fat, body composition, and blood pressure during the 12-week intervention in those assigned to a diet concordant vs. discordant with the genotype

From: The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial

All participants

Genotype-concordant diet (n = 60)

Genotype-discordant diet (n = 62)

  
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

p-value

Weight change, kg

−5.3 (1.0)

−4.8 (1.1)

−0.6 (−2.1, 0.9)

0.501

Weight change, %

−5.8 (1.0)

−5.4 (1.1)

−0.6 (−2.1, 1.0)

0.605

Change in body fat, %b

−1.3 (1.2)

−0.8 (1.3)

−0.5 (−2.4, 1.4)

 

Waist circumference, cm

−4.8 (1.1)

−4.3 (1.2)

−0.5 (−2.3, 1.3)

 

Hip circumference, cm

−4.6 (1.7)

−3.7 (1.8)

−1.0 (−3.6, 1.6)

 

Waist-hip ratio

0.01 (0.00)

0.01 (0.00)

0.00 (−0.02, 0.03)

 

SBP, mmHg

1.2 (2.7)

−2.9 (2.9)

4.7 (0.5, 8.8)

 

DBP, mmHg

0.4 (1.7)

1.0 (1.9)

−0.1 (−2.8, 2.5)

 

Fat-responders

High-fat diet (n = 44)

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 41)

  
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

p-value

Weight change, kg

−5.5 (1.2)

−5.3 (1.3)

−0.2 (−2.1, 1.6)

0.779

Weight change, %

−5.9 (1.3)

−5.7 (1.4)

−0.2 (−2.1, 1.7)

0.831

Change in body fat, %c

−1.1 (1.4)

−1.9 (1.6)

0.9 (−1.3, 3.0)

 

Waist circumference, cm

−5.0 (1.4)

−4.4 (1.5)

−0.6 (−2.7, 1.5)

 

Hip circumference, cm

−3.9 (1.5)

−4.0 (1.7)

0.2 (−2.1, 2.6)

 

Waist-hip ratio

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

−0.01 (−0.03, 0.02)

 

SBP, mmHg

4.5 (3.2)

−1.2 (3.5)

6.9 (2.0, 11.8)

 

DBP, mmHg

1.7 (2.2)

2.9 (2.4)

−0.5 (−3.8, 2.9)

 

Carbohydrate-responders

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 16)

High-fat diet (n = 21)

  
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

p-value

Weight change, kg

−5.1 (1.6)

−4.1 (1.7)

−1.3 (−3.9, 1.3)

0.487

Weight change, %

−5.7 (1.8)

−4.8 (1.9)

−1.2 (−4.2, 1.7)

0.565

Change in body fat, % d

−1.9 (2.5)

1.4 (2.7)

−3.4 (−7.5, 0.8)

 

Waist circumference, cm

−4.4 (2.1)

−4.2 (2.3)

−0.3 (−3.9, 3.3)

 

Hip circumference, cm

−6.4 (4.3)

−2.7 (4.7)

−3.9 (−11.1, 3.3)

 

Waist-hip ratio

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)

 

SBP, mmHg

−5.8 (4.6)

−7.2 (5.0)

0.3 (−7.4, 8.0)

 

DBP, mmHg

−2.0 (2.8)

−3.0 (3.0)

0.9 (−3.7, 5.5)

 
  1. CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, SD standard deviation.
  2. aMixed-effect model, adjusted for sex, race, and baseline value of the outcome for all data.
  3. bData available for 58 of 60 participants (genotype-concordant diet) and 60 of 62 participants (genotype-discordant diet).
  4. cData available for 42 of 44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40 of 41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet).
  5. dData available for 16 of 16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20 of 21 participants (high-fat diet).
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