Table 3 Changes in food cravings (via the Food Craving Inventory) during the 12-week intervention in those assigned to a diet concordant vs. discordant with the genotype

From: The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial

All participants

Genotype-concordant diet (n = 60)

Genotype-discordant diet (n = 62)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

High fatsb

−0.3 (0.1)

−0.4 (0.2)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.4)

Sweetsc

−0.3 (0.2)

−0.5 (0.2)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.4)

Carbohydrates/Starchesd

−0.1 (0.2)

−0.4 (0.2)

0.3 (0.0, 0.5)

Fast-food fatse

−0.3 (0.2)

−0.4 (0.2)

0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)

Fruits and vegetablesf

−0.1 (0.2)

−0.4 (0.2)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.5)

Total cravingsg

−0.2 (0.1)

−0.4 (0.1)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.4)

Fat-responders

High-fat diet (n = 44)

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 41)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

High fatsb

−0.4 (0.2)

−0.3 (0.2)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0.3)

Sweetsc

−0.4 (0.2)

−0.6 (0.2)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.5)

Carbohydrates/Starchesd

−0.2 (0.2)

−0.3 (0.2)

0.1 (−0.3, 0.4)

Fast-food fatse

−0.4 (0.2)

−0.3 (0.3)

−0.1 (−0.4, 0.3)

Fruits and vegetablesf

−0.3 (0.2)

−0.4 (0.3)

0.1 (−0.3, 0.5)

Total cravingsg

−0.3 (0.2)

−0.3 (0.2)

0.0 (−0.3, 0.3)

Carbohydrate-responders

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 16)

High-fat diet (n = 21)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

High fatsb

−0.2 (0.2)

−0.7 (0.2)

0.5 (0.1, 0.9)

Sweetsc

−0.1 (0.2)

−0.3 (0.3)

0.2 (−0.2, 0.6)

Carbohydrates/Starchesd

0.1 (0.2)

−0.7 (0.2)

0.7 (0.4, 1.1)

Fast-food fatse

−0.1 (0.3)

−0.5 (0.3)

0.5 (0.0, 1.0)

Fruits and vegetablesf

0.3 (0.3)

−0.3 (0.3)

0.6 (0.1, 1.1)

Total cravingsg

0.0 (0.2)

−0.5 (0.2)

0.5 (0.2, 0.9)

  1. CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.
  2. aAdjusted for sex, race, and baseline value of the outcome.
  3. bGenotype-concordant diet: 55/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 41/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 14/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  4. cGenotype-concordant diet: 59/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 16/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  5. dGenotype-concordant diet: 59/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 61/62 participants. Fat-responders: 44/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 21/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  6. eGenotype-concordant diet: 58/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 61/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  7. fGenotype-concordant diet: 58/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 60/62 participants. Fat-responders: 43/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 40/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 15/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 20/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  8. g Genotype-concordant diet: 54/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 67/62 participants. Fat-responders: 41/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 38/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 13/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 19/21 participants (high-fat diet).
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