Table 4 Change in restraint, disinhibition, and hunger and in food preferences during the 12-week intervention in those assigned to a diet concordant vs. discordant with the genotype

From: The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial

All participants

Genotype-concordant diet (n = 60)

Genotype-discordant diet (n = 62)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

Restraint (EI)b

3.6 (0.9)

3.3 (1.0)

0.4 (−1.1, 1.9)

Disinhibition (EI)c

−0.1 (0.6)

0.1 (0.7)

0.0 (−1.0, 0.9)

Hunger (EI)d

−0.4 (0.5)

−0.9 (0.6)

0.5 (−0.4, 1.4)

HF/HS (FPQ)

−0.1 (0.3)

0.0 (0.4)

0.0 (−0.5, 0.5)

LF/HS (FPQ)

0.1 (0.3)

0.1 (0.3)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.5)

HF/HCCHO (FPQ)

−0.3 (0.3)

−0.3 (0.3)

0.0 (−0.4, 0.5)

LF/HCCHO (FPQ)

−0.1 (0.3)

0.0 (0.3)

−0.1 (−0.5, 0.4)

HF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

−0.4 (0.3)

−0.4 (0.3)

0.0 (−0.5, 0.4)

LF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

0.1 (0.3)

0.1 (0.3)

0.0 (−0.4, 0.4)

Fat-responders

High-fat diet (n = 44)

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 41)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

Restraint (EI)b

3.5 (1.2)

2.7 (1.4)

0.8 (−1.3, 2.9)

Disinhibition (EI)c

−0.3 (0.8)

0.2 (0.9)

−0.4 (−1.6, 0.9)

Hunger (EI)d

−0.9 (0.7)

−1.3 (0.8)

0.4 (−0.8, 1.5)

HF/HS (FPQ)

0.0 (0.4)

0.0 (0.5)

0.1 (−0.6, 0.7)

LF/HS (FPQ)

0.2 (0.4)

0.3 (0.4)

0.0 (−0.6, 0.5)

HF/HCCHO (FPQ)

−0.2 (0.4)

−0.1 (0.4)

0.0 (−0.6, 0.5)

LF/HCCHO (FPQ)

0.0 (0.4)

0.2 (0.4)

−0.2 (−0.7, 0.4)

HF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

−0.5 (0.4)

−0.6 (0.4)

0.1 (−0.5, 0.7)

LF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

0.2 (0.4)

0.1 (0.4)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.7)

Carbohydrate-responders

High-carbohydrate diet (n = 16)

High-fat diet (n = 21)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

Restraint (EI)b

3.4 (1.1)

4.6 (1.1)

−0.7 (−2.6, 1.2)

Disinhibition (EI)c

0.7 (0.9)

0.0 (0.9)

0.8 (−0.8, 2.5)

Hunger (EI)d

0.8 (0.8)

−0.1 (0.9)

1.0 (−0.4, 2.5)

HF/HS (FPQ)

−0.2 (0.5)

0.0 (0.5)

−0.1 (−1.0, 0.7)

LF/HS (FPQ)

−0.1 (0.4)

−0.4 (0.4)

0.3 (−0.3, 0.9)

HF/HCCHO (FPQ)

−0.4 (0.5)

−0.6 (0.5)

0.2 (−0.6, 1.0)

LF/HCCHO (FPQ)

−0.2 (0.4)

−0.5 (0.4)

0.3 (−0.3, 0.9)

HF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

−0.3 (0.4)

0.1 (0.5)

−0.2 (−1.0, 0.5)

LF/LCHO/HP (FPQ)

−0.1 (0.4)

0.1 (0.4)

−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)

  1. CI confidence interval, EI Eating Inventory, FPQ Food Preference Questionnaire, HF/HS high fat/high simple sugar, LF/HS low fat/high simple sugar, HF/HCCHO high fat/high complex carbohydrate, LF/HCCHO low fat/high complex carbohydrate, HF/LCHO/HP high fat/low carbohydrate/high protein, LF/LCHO/HP low fat/low carbohydrate/high protein, SD standard deviation.
  2. aAdjusted for sex, race, and baseline value of the outcome.
  3. bGenotype-concordant diet: 46/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 47/62 participants. Fat-responders: 34/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 29/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 12/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 18/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  4. cGenotype-concordant diet: 49/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 49/62 participants. Fat-responders: 37/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 31/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 12/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 18/21 participants (high-fat diet).
  5. dGenotype-concordant diet: 51/60 participants; genotype-discordant diet: 51/62 participants. Fat-responders: 37/44 participants (high-fat diet) and 33/41 participants (high-carbohydrate diet). Carbohydrate-responders: 14/16 participants (high-carbohydrate diet) and 18/21 participants (high-fat diet).
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