Table 4 Comparison of intracranial EEG biomarker values between the seizure onset and nonepileptic sites

From: Developmental atlas of phase-amplitude coupling between physiologic high-frequency oscillations and slow waves

Biomarker

Lobe

Mixed model estimate

SE

t-value

DF

Uncorrected two-sided p-value

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

MI≥80 Hz & 0.5-1 Hz

Frontal

0.75

0.070

10.8

3238

1.0 × 10−26

0.61

0.89

Temporal

3.00

0.48

6.25

2811

4.9 × 10−10

2.06

3.94

Parietal

1.27

0.11

11.8

2242

4.5 × 10−31

1.06

1.48

Occipital

0.45

0.14

3.17

958

0.0016

0.17

0.73

MI≥80 Hz & 3-4 Hz

Frontal

3.52

0.18

19.7

3238

5.0 × 10−82

3.17

3.87

Temporal

4.10

0.33

12.4

2811

2.0 × 10−34

3.45

4.75

Parietal

5.82

0.30

19.1

2242

5.8 × 10−75

5.22

6.42

Occipital

1.83

0.21

8.73

958

1.1 × 10−17

1.42

2.24

MI≥150 Hz & 0.5-1 Hz

Frontal

0.51

0.055

9.30

3238

2.4 × 10−20

0.40

0.62

Temporal

2.56

0.81

3.14

2811

0.0017

0.96

4.15

Parietal

0.62

0.065

9.50

2242

5.3 × 10−21

0.49

0.75

Occipital

0.079

0.12

0.67

958

0.50

-0.15

0.31

MI≥150 Hz & 3-4 Hz

Frontal

3.70

0.30

12.5

3238

4.7 × 10−35

3.12

4.28

Temporal

3.77

0.73

5.16

2811

2.6 × 10−7

2.34

5.20

Parietal

5.41

0.43

12.5

2242

1.3 × 10−34

4.56

6.26

Occipital

0.94

0.18

5.11

958

3.9  × 10−7

0.58

1.31

HFOHIL≥80 Hz

Frontal

2.45

0.079

30.9

3238

2.4 × 10−184

2.30

2.61

Temporal

1.85

0.080

23.3

2811

8.5 × 10−110

1.70

2.01

Parietal

2.95

0.10

28.7

2242

1.0 × 10−154

2.75

3.16

Occipital

1.59

0.14

11.4

958

1.6  × 10−28

1.32

1.86

  1. The results of mixed model analyses are provided. All z-score normalized biomarker values mentioned in this table (except MI≥150 Hz & 0.5-1 Hz) were significantly higher in the seizure onset than in the nonepileptic sites. CI 95% confidence interval. DF degree of freedom. SE standard error. MIf Hz & s Hz denotes the strength of coupling between the amplitude of HFOf Hz and the phase of slow-waves Hz. HFOHIL≥80 Hz denotes the rate of high-frequency oscillation defined by the Hilbert method. We could not compute z-score normalized HFOHIL≥150 Hz because the regression model failed to fit the data of HFOHIL≥150 Hz rates in a meaningful manner, due to the infrequent occurrence of events.