Fig. 8: Proposed mechanism of NM1 action in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.

We propose that NM1 has a critical function as a regulator of cellular metabolism and it is part of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Upon external stimulus, PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade is activated leading to phosphorylation of several downstream targets activating NM1 which in a positive feedback loop transcriptionally regulates mTOR and the expression of mitochondrial transcription factors TFAM and PGC1α responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis. Created with BioRender.com.