Fig. 5: Comparison of E-FeCO3 with other iron salts in wastewater and sludge management performance.

a Sulfide control in sewer (underdosing). b pH at the beginning and end of each test in sewer (underdosing). c Phosphate removal in aerated activated sludge (underdosing). d pH at the beginning and end of each test in aerated activated sludge (underdosing). e Dissolved sulfide control in an anaerobic sludge digester. f Gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) control in an anaerobic sludge digester. g pH at the beginning and end of each test in an anaerobic sludge digester. h Improvement to sludge settleability (sludge volume index, SVI) and dewaterability (specific resistance to filtration, SRF). All values are means ± standard deviations of triplicate tests.