Fig. 2: Radiation injury causes ROS, cellular hypertrophy and increased recruitment of PBMCs over time on the alveolus chip.

a 16 Gy radiation induces increase in the ROS levels, 2 h after radiation injury, n = 8 chips, F = 2.48, DF = 7, Data shown are mean +/− S.D. p < 0.001. b IF images showing the effect of radiation on cellular hypertrophy in the epithelium and endothelium 6 h and 7 d post radiation exposure, Scale bar = 20 μm. Corresponding quantification of cellular area in the epithelium and endothelium in c, t-test with Welch’s correction, where n = 50 cells in each condition, DF = 49, F (epi_6h) = 7.7, p < 0.05, F(epi_7d) = 5.7, F(endo_6h) = 9.8, F(endo_7d) = 8.3, Data shown are mean +/− S.D. d Quantification of PBMC recruitment to the vascular endothelium at 6 h and 7 d post-radiation exposure, n = 10 images taken from 3 biological replicate chips in each condition, 2-tailed unpaired t-test with F(6 h) = 104.4, F (7 d) = 2326, DF = 9, p < 0.0001. e Heatmaps comparing gene expression profiles in Transwells and chip (n = 3 transwells or chips), p < 0.05. The chip shows susceptibility to radiation that is evidenced by the overexpression of several markers. f Heatmap showing cytokine profiles of transwells at 6 h and 24 h post-radiation. At 6 h, the transwells exhibit an upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and ICAM-1 but at 24 h, no effect of radiation exposure is observed. n = 3 transwells. g Quantification of % nuclei expressing nuclear foci in response to radiation in transwells vs chips. Data shown are mean +/− S.D. Two-tailed Student’s t test with Welch’s correction, n = 6 frames from 2 biological replicates, F = 1.88, DF = 5, p < 0.0001.