Table 1 Sample information and collection methods from different emission sectors
From: Char dominates black carbon aerosol emission and its historic reduction in China
Sector/Type | Materials and categories | Stoves and conditions | Total Sample numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
Residential Stove Combustion (RS) | |||
Residential Biomass Burning (RBB) | Nine crop straws (maize, corncob, soybean, rice, cotton, sorghum, reed, peanut, and bamboo), logwood and brushwood | Residential brick biomass stoves | 84 |
Residential Coal Combustion (RCC) | Two coal types (Chunk and Briquette), | One for honeycomb briquettes and three traditional style chunk stoves | 38 |
Vehicle exhaust (VE) | |||
On-road vehicle exhaust (OVE) | Fifteen On-road vehicles with different oil type (Gasoline: 93#; Diesel: 0#;) four different emission stand (China III- China VI) | Idling; suburban main road driving; high speed road driving | 63 |
Non-road vehicle exhaust (NVE) | Six forklifts with or without DPF | Under different working mode (idling, unloaded walking and loaded walking) | 97 |
Three oceangoing vessels (OGV) Steady-state sailing conditions, | Engine load (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%), engine rated power, and fuel type (marine gas oil and heavy fuel oil). | ||
Coal-fired boiler combustion (CB) | |||
Coal-fired boilers for industry (ICB) | Two drugs manufacturing factory, coal-fired boilers and two coking plants (ICBs)) in Hebi | 9 | |
Coal-fired boilers for power plants (PCB) | Coal-fired power plant, biomass power plants (PCBs) | 3 | |
Simulated combustion in laboratory | |||
Residential solid fuel combustion in quartz tube furnace (RS-QTF) | Five types of biomasses (rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, pine wood, and poplar wood) | Combusted at 300-900°C, (total seven temperature levels) with oxygen concentration of 21% and 10.5% in the combustion furnace. | 126 |
One type of coal (Xuzhou coal) | |||
