Table 1 Optimization Studies a

From: Photoelectrochemical oxidative C(sp3)−H borylation of unactivated hydrocarbons

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Entry

Variations from standard conditions

3 (%)b

1

None

72 (68c)

2

Without HCl

trace

3

FeCl3 (20 mmol%) instead of HCl

trace

4

CuCl2 (20 mmol%) instead of HCl

trace

5

C( + )/C(−) instead of C(+)/Pt(−)

61

6

Pt(+)/Pt(−) instead of C(+)/Pt(−)

46

7

I = 1.5 mA

32

8

I = 2.5 mA

26

9

DMF instead of CH3CN

14

10

CF3OH instead of CH3CN

39

11

CF3CH2OH instead of CH3CN

27

12

DMSO instead of CH3CN

10

13

nBu4NCl instead of Et4NCl

trace

14

5.0 equiv. of cyclohexane 1

58

15

TFA/TfOH instead of HCl

N.D.

16

Without electricity

N.D.

17

Without light irradiation

N.D.

  1. aStandard conditions: undivided cell, graphite rod anode (φ = 3 mm), Pt plate cathode (10 × 10 × 1 mm), cyclohexane 1 (2.0 mmol, 10.0 equiv.), B2(cat)2 2 (0.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv.), Et4NCl (0.1 mmol, 0.017 M), concentrated HCl (0.8 mmol, 4.0 equiv.), CH3CN (6.0 mL, technical grade), 390 nm LEDs (10 W), constant current = 2 mA under N2 atmosphere at room temperature for 12 h (4.48 F/mol); then pinacol (0.6 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) and triethylamine (0.84 mL) in DCM (1.0 mL), 1 h. bYields determined by NMR analysis using 1,3,5-(OMe)3C6H3 as the internal standard. cYields of isolated products. N.D. Not detected.