Fig. 3: Operando nanodiffraction images of an LMNO single crystal at different potentials during the Li1 ⟶ Li0.5 phase transition.

The color bar for the top row of images uses the complete d400 d-spacing range observed during charging (a). In the bottom row, the same snapshots are colored showing only variation within the crystal relative to average d-spacing (\({\overline{d}}_{400}\)), allowing the instantaneous strain and lithiation heterogeneity throughout the crystal to be visualized (b).