Fig. 5: 16S metagenomic signature alteration by insulin use in NASH patients with diabetes.

The schematic protocol for participant selection for assessment of human diabetic NASH patients’ gut microbiota (a). Distribution of all participant ages (b) and body mass index (BMI, c). Logarithm 10 of proportion to all reads of Bacteroides vulgatus (CP000139) (d) in non-insulin-treated (no insulin use, n = 15) and insulin-treated NASH patients (insulin use, n = 5). Values of the data are expressed as mean ± SEM (d). *P < 0.05, 2-sided unpaired t test with Welch’s correction (d). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. The exact P values are provided in Supplementary Data 3 unless they are below 0.0001.