Fig. 1: A visual representation of the importance of the Arctic system and its interactions with the global climate system.

a Schematic view of a climate network. Links indicate interactions between different regional climate systems around the globe. The golden links specifically represent teleconnections between the Arctic and regions outside of the Arctic, indicating the influence and connectivity of the Arctic with the rest of the world. b illustrates the complex Arctic system, highlighting its various components, such as the cryosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. These components interact with each other, and changes in one component can trigger cascading effects and feedbacks in interconnected processes. The circular arrow suggests a positive feedback loop of weather variability (WV) between the Arctic and the rest of the climate system. This indicates that changes in WV in the Arctic can influence weather patterns and climate dynamics in other regions and vice versa. The feedback loop emphasizes the interconnected nature of the Earth’s climate system, where changes in one component, such as Arctic WV, can have wide-ranging effects on the entire system.