Fig. 9: The effect of palbociclib/lenvatinib treatment in suppressing tumor growth in an immune-competent mouse model.

a Schematic diagram of the treatment regimen of mock (0.5% methylcellulose in saline), palbociclib (100 mg/kg), lenvatinib (30 mg/kg) and the combined treatment (combo). b Luciferase intensity indicates the successful establishment of lenvatinib-resistant HCC tumors upon administration of lenvatinib for 25 days (n = 30 mice, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test). c Representative images of HCC tumors derived from the four groups at the endpoint. Scale bar = 1 cm. d Graph showing the liver/body weight ratio generated from mice at the endpoint (n = 7 mice for mock and combo while n = 8 mice for lenvatinib and palbociclib, two-tailed t test). e The signal intensity of the livers in the four groups is shown (n = 7 mice for mock and combo while n = 8 mice for lenvatinib and palbociclib, two-tailed t test). f Immunohistochemical images of β-catenin (n = 5) and PCNA (n = 4) in resected tumors (two-tailed t test). Scale bar = 5 µm. Protein signal intensity and number of positive nuclei were quantified using ImageJ. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.