Table 2 North Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) intensity with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal removed

From: Overemphasized role of preceding strong El Niño in generating multi-year La Niña events

PMM index during March1-May1

myLN_wPrSEN

myLN_w/oPrSEN

No ENSO removal

−1.21

−1.29

ENSO removal using Niño3.4 index

−0.89 ( − 26%)

−0.99 ( − 23%)

ENSO removal using Niño4 index

−0.48 ( − 60%)

−0.72 ( − 44%)

ENSO removal using Niño3 index

−1.10 ( − 9%)

−1.09 ( − 16%)

ENSO removal using Niño1 + 2 index

−1.20 ( − 1%)

−1.23 ( − 5%)

  1. PMM index values (in s.d.) during the second spring (March1‒May1) are shown for both multi-year La Niña (LN) groups: myLN_wPrSEN and myLN_w/oPrSEN. The values are presented with no ENSO removal (2nd row) and with ENSO removal using Niño3.4, Niño4, Niño3, and Niño1 + 2 indices (3rd to 6th row, respectively) (see ‘Definition of climate indices’ and ‘ENSO removal’ in Methods). Reduction rates, expressed as percentages relative to the values in the 2nd row, are denoted in parentheses.
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