Fig. 4: The effect of D_S on N_R and the distribution map of N_R.

a Energy dissipation characteristics of all surfaces. The columns show the relative values of the three dissipations on the basis of different D_S, and the maximum value of each dissipation is regarded as 100%. b The analysis of correlation between D_S and N_R. The equation of the fitted lines are N_R = 9(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3) for 50 μm ≤ D_S < 300 μm, N_R = 16(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3) for 300 μm ≤ D_S < 500 μm and N_R = 8(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3-1 × 10^-6(D_S-500)²) for D_S ≥ 500 μm (also added adhesive dissipation for S600-S1000 surfaces). c Theoretical distribution of N_R that combines the trend of N_R with We and the droplet rebound abilities of all surfaces on the coupled two dimensions of We and D_S (several negative values are treated as 0). The trend of N_R with We is obtained by replacing the coefficient N with the droplet rebound abilities corresponding to different D_S, and the droplet rebound abilities of microstructures with different D_S are obtained from the fitted maximum value of average N_R. The equation of the fitted lines are N_R = 15(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3) for 50 μm ≤ D_S < 300 μm, N_R = 20(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3) for 300 μm ≤ D_S < 500 μm and N_R = 13(1-20D_S⁻¹-0.3-1 × 10^-6(D_S−500)²) for D_S ≥ 500 μm. d Experimental distribution of N_R on the basis of two dimensions of We and D_S.