Fig. 4: Atp8b1^IEC-KO mice (line #12) show LPC accumulation in IEC and deficiency in choline and its related metabolites in plasma and liver.

IEC, plasma, and liver were collected from male 4-week-old Atp8b1^IEC-KO mice (line #12) and littermate Atp8b1^flox/flox mice (n = 6 in each group) and subjected to metabolomic analysis. a Enrichment plot for LPC in IEC. The result of the lipidomic analysis was evaluated by Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) running sum statistic. The magnitude of difference in each lipid content between Atp8b1^IEC-KO mice and Atp8b1^flox/flox mice was scored as described in Materials and Methods. KS statistics were calculated for LPC and plotted as running sum (top). The middle heatmap and the bottom barcode represent the magnitude of difference in each lipid content and the positions of each LPC species, respectively. b The levels of the indicated LPC species in IEC. c, d The levels of choline and its metabolites in plasma (c) and liver (d). e Schematic diagram illustrating intestinal digestion and absorption of dietary PC, a primary source of choline in the body. CDPC CDP-choline, CM chylomicron, DMG dimethylglycine, GPC glycerophosphocholine, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, PC phosphatidylcholine, PhoC phosphorylcholine, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein. f Enrichment plot for TG in the liver. The graph was created as described in (a). g Enzymatic determination of total TG in the liver. In (b–d, g), all data are presented as mean ± SEM. P values were calculated by two-tailed, unpaired Welch’s t test with the Benjamini–Hochberg correction (d) or by two-tailed, unpaired Welch’s t test (g) and are indicated in the figures if less than 0.05.