Fig. 2: The association between dietary scores and the risk of all cancers and types of cancers.

AEDII, Anti-Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index; AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010; AMED, Alternate Mediterranean Diet score; CI, confidence interval; HPDI, Healthful Plant-based Diet Index. The incidence refers to the number of event cases per 1000 person-years. All cancers encompass any type of cancer except for non-melanoma skin cancer. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine associations of each of the four dietary scores with the risk of individual cancers. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake; Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1 plus ethnicity, education, income, BMI, smoking, sleep, physical activity, and GRS for longevity (pack-years, age stopping smoking, and number of cigarettes currently smoked daily were further adjusted for lung cancer). Dietary scores were analyzed as continuous variables (each quintile increment). The analysis for ovarian cancer and breast cancer was conducted among women only while the analysis for prostate cancer was conducted among men only. The vertical dash lines represent the hazard ratio of 1. Squares represent the hazard ratios (black color for AMED, orange color for AEDII, blue color for AHEI-2010, and green color for HPDI). Horizontal lines indicate the range of the 95% confidence interval. *Indicates a significant association through two-sided statistical tests while controlling for FDR.