Fig. 3: Classification and geographical distribution of microbes carried by different pangolins.

a Classification of microbes carried by pangolins. The inner circle divides all microbes into three categories: viruses, bacteria, and protists. The second circle shows the molecular types of microbes. The third circle represents the order to which the microbe belongs. The outermost names represent families of microbes. In the grid of the fourth circle, the number of sequences retrieved from each family is marked with numbers, and the positive rates of microbes carried by pangolins are represented by a gradient color. The point outside the fourth circle displays the host, which is colored according to pangolin species: orange, Manis javanica; red, M pentadactyla; brown, M crassicaudata; green, Phataginus tetradactyla; violet, P tricuspis; gray, unknown species of pangolin. b Geographical distribution of pangolin-associated microbes. Countries with pangolin-associated microbe records are annotated in light gray. The pies indicate microbe composition, with the color of circle outlines representing pangolin species: orange, M. javanica; red, M pentadactyla; brown, M crassicaudata; green, P. tetradactyla; violet, P tricuspis; gray, unknown species of pangolin. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.