Fig. 9: The evaluation of in vivo thrombolysis in the lower extremity arterial thrombosis model and hemorrhagic side effect.

a Schematic diagram of the lower extremity arterial thrombosis model. The illustration was created with BioRender.com. b Representative in vivo fluorescence images of the lower extremity thrombotic artery at different time points post-injection of B@SP NPs or B@SP-C NPs. Scale bar = 4 mm. c Quantitatively analyzing the fluorescence intensity of the lower extremity thrombotic vessels in b. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 mice). Statistical significance was calculated using two-tailed Student’s t-test. d Representative LSBFMS analysis and the corresponding relative blood perfusion of the mouse lower extremity artery after FeCl₃ induction and different therapeutic treatments, including PBS, SP NPs, B@SP NPs, B@SP-C NPs, free UK, SP NPs + NIR-II laser, B@SP NPs + NIR-II laser, and B@SP-C NPs + NIR-II laser. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 mice). The dotted white lines indicated the lower extremity thrombotic artery, which was selected as the region of interest to quantify the blood perfusion. Scale bars = 3 mm. e Schematic diagram of the tail bleeding experiment to evaluate the risk of hemorrhagic side effect. The illustration was created with BioRender.com. f The tail bleeding time and g the tail bleeding volume of mice after different treatments. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 mice). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.