Fig. 3: Adsorption and conformation of CTAB at electrode–electrolyte interface.

a In situ ATR-SEIRAS spectra at different potentials over CP-CTAB electrode in the range of 3000–2800 cm−1. b In situ ATR-SEIRAS spectra, showing potential-dependent population of CH2 peaks in CTAB. c Resistance of charge transfer over CP and CP-CTAB electrodes at different potentials. d Schematic illustration of potential-dependent conformational transformation of CTAB molecules at electrode–electrolyte interface.