Fig. 6: Effects of different reactants and quaternary ammonium cations on racemates stereoselectivity.

a Structures of different substrates with increased hydrophobicity, b corresponding stereoselectivity results. Stereoselectivity of hydrobenzoin over CP modified with quaternary ammonium cations containing c different head groups and d different tail chains at −1.4 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. e Schematic illustration of the effects of different head groups and tail chains of quaternary ammonium cations on repelling interfacial water away from electrode.