Fig. 4: Characterizations of the immunoenvironment in the pancreas of diabetic NOD mice.

a, b Representative anti-glucagon (green)/anti-CD8 (red) dual stained pancreas sections (a) and quantification (b) from NOD mice on day 5 post-treatments. Scale bar: 200 μm. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 6 biologically independent samples). c, d Representative plots of pancreas-infiltrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (c) and quantification of pancreas-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells (d) from NOD mice on day 5 post-treatments. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 5 biologically independent samples). e, f Representative plots (e) and quantifications (f) of pancreas-infiltrating CD8⁺INF-γ⁺ T cells from NOD mice on day 5 post-treatments by the flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 5 biologically independent samples). g, h Representative plots (g) and quantifications (h) of pancreas-infiltrating CD8⁺GzmB⁺ T cells from NOD mice on day 5 post-treatments by the flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 5 biologically independent samples). i Cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in pancreas tissues from NOD mice on day 5 post-treatments. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 5 biologically independent samples). The data were analyzed by one-way two-sided ANOVA; ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.