Fig. 4: Construction, drug loading and photothermal characterization of the designed nanosystem.

a Schematic illustration of the DNA and CaP biomineralization process. b Degradation process of CaP in Milli-Q aqueous solution. c Panc-1 cells were incubated with APC nanoparticles for 24 h. d Stability for Zn-substituted CaP in Milli-Q aqueous solution. e Interaction between PEG and Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are labeled with black, red, and white, respectively. f TEM images of ^RM_(I+C) and ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p). g Size distribution of ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p) NPs within 2 weeks and zeta potential results for ^RM_(I+C), Zn-doped CaP and ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p) (n = 3 independent experiments, and the data are presented as the mean values ± SDs). h FTIR results for Zn-substituted CaP and ^RM@CaP. i Photothermal heating curves of ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p) NPs with different concentrations of IR780. j The infrared thermal images correspond with photothermal heating curves. k Temperature elevation of ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p) NPs over four rounds of NIR on–off irradiation cycles. l Photobleaching effects of pure drug and nanoparticles after three rounds of laser irradiation (n = 3 independent experiments, and the data are presented as the mean values ± SDs). m Drug-releasing capacity of ^RM_(I+C)@CaP_(p) under different situations (n = 3 independent experiments and the data are presented as the mean values ± SDs). n Cleavage capacity of HSP70 mRNA after partzyme release from different environments. All statistics were calculated using two-tailed paired t tests, and the experiments in (b–d, f, n) were repeated three times independently with similar results. The source data from (g, h, I, k, i, m) are provided as a Source Data file.