Fig. 4: Comparison of NULISAseq with other assay platforms.

a Detectability and inter-platform correlation for 23 shared targets in the NULISAseq 200-plex, Olink Explore 384 Inflammation Panel, and MSD V-PLEX Human Cytokine 44-Plex assays. Two-sided tests were carried out to assess whether correlation coefficients significantly differ from zero; unadjusted p-values are shown. Exact p-values are listed in Source data file figure_4a_summary_data.csv. b Intra- and interplate CV distributions for the 92 common targets in the NULISAseq 200-plex (shown in blue) and Olink Explore 384-plex (shown in red). CV for each target was calculated as the mean CV for two independent pooled plasma samples with four technical replicates each. c Volcano plots of -log10(FDR-adjusted p-value) versus log2(fold change) levels comparing protein abundances in samples from patients with inflammatory diseases (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 79) with NULISAseq and Olink Explore. Black open circles represent targets that were uniquely significant for the specified panel; targets that were significant in the other panel are shown as red (significant Olink target) or blue (significant NULISAseq target) open circles. The Venn diagram shows the overlap of significant targets. Two-sided significance tests were carried out to assess whether log2(fold change) differed from zero for each target; p-values were adjusted using a false discovery rate correction. d Correlation of estimated log2-fold changes between NULISAseq and Olink Explore. Targets are highlighted in blue (detected by NULISAseq only), red (detected by Olink only), black (detected by both panels), or gray (not significant for either panel). A two-sided test was carried out to assess whether the Pearson correlation coefficient significantly differs from zero. e Comparison of detectability between NULISAseq and Olink Explore, assessed using the same 79 healthy control samples and 72 samples from patients with inflammatory and other diseases. Targets are highlighted in blue (detected by NULISAseq only) or red (detected by Olink only); other targets are in black. Source data are provided as a Source data file. Source data for (b–e) are in Supplementary Data 2.