Fig. 4: Enhanced optical properties and electrophysiological capabilities of NeuroWeb.

a Schematic for transferring either NeuroWeb or SU8-Au SEA onto the mouse brain. b Optical images of NeuroWeb (left) and SU8-Au SEA (right) on the mouse brain. Scale bars, 1 mm. c Confocal in vivo imaging of myelinated axons in the transgenic mouse brain with NeuroWeb (left) and SU8-Au SEA (right) at day 1 after surgery. White dashed lines indicate the positions of BN-Gr (left) and SU8-Au ribbons (right). Scale bars, 30 μm. d Boxplots of the fluorescence intensities of myelinated axons underneath the BN-Gr (black; N = 2) and SU8-Au ribbons (red; N = 2), which were normalized by the intensities just outside the corresponding ribbons. The inset indicates the measured transmittance of NeuroWeb (black, 97.2%) and SU8-Au SEA (red, 86.2%), when the wavelength and spot size of the injected light were 488 nm and 100 μm, respectively. e Average spike amplitudes of NeuroWeb (black) and SU8-Au SEA (red) from 90 and 73 channels, respectively, at day 3 after surgery. ****: P = 8.34 × 10⁻⁵ (two-sided t-test). f Number of recorded single neurons per channel for NeuroWeb (N = 90) and SU8-Au SEA (N = 73). ****: P = 2.26 × 10⁻¹⁵ (two-sided t-test). Boxplots show mean (squares), median (horizontal lines), quartiles (boxes, 25–75%), and range (whiskers, 1–99%). g Average spike amplitudes of the detected action potentials across 1 week for NeuroWeb (black) and SU8-Au SEA (red). Eight mice (N = 4, each) used for statistical analysis. Error bars denote s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.