Fig. 2: Formation of outer tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs) at different spatial and dynamic intervals.

Formative number of the observed outer TCR cases at different intervals of (a) radial distance (km), (b) normalized radial distance by the radius of maximum wind (RMW), (c) filamentation time (h) and (d) normalized radial distance by the radius of 34 kt winds (R34) provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.