Fig. 2: Analyses of LensAge and the LensAge index based on InceptionV3 models.

a, c Scatterplots for the correlation of LensAge at the individual level with chronological age of relatively healthy participants for diffuse-light mode (a) and slit-lamp mode (c) (p < 1.00e-36, two-sided linear regressions; n = 525 for diffuse-light mode; n = 430 for slit-lamp mode). b, d Bland–Altman plots for the agreement between LensAge at the individual level and chronological age of relatively healthy participants for diffuse-light mode (b) and slit-lamp mode (d) (n = 525 for diffuse-light mode; n = 430 for slit-lamp mode). e, f Attention maps for age estimation of the model based on lens photographs from different individuals for diffuse-light mode (e) and slit-lamp mode (f). g The LensAge index was used to measure an individual’s aging level among the general population. h, i The distributions of the LensAge index for diffuse-light mode (h) and slit-lamp mode (i) among the general population. j, l The distributions of the LensAge index for diffuse-light mode (j) and slit-lamp mode (l) by age groups. The mean LensAge indexes in the groups aged 60 years and above were less than those for the other age groups (*p < 0.001; diffuse-light mode: 20–40 vs. ≥ 60, p = 3.20e-15, mean difference = 6.10, 95% CI 4.59–7.61, n = 2464; 40–60 vs. ≥ 60, p < 1.00e-36, mean difference = 4.76, 95% CI 4.32–5.20, n = 3,205; slit-lamp mode: 20–40 vs. ≥ 60, p = 2.84e-29, mean difference = 9.34, 95% CI 7.73–10.95, n = 2483; 40–60 vs. ≥ 60, p < 1.00e-36, mean difference = 5.95, 95% CI 5.43–6.46, n = 3237; two-sided Student’s t tests). k, m The distributions of the LensAge index for diffuse-light mode (k) and slit-lamp mode (m) by sex groups. The mean LensAge indexes for the males were greater than those for the females (*p < 0.001; diffuse-light mode, p = 3.00e-6, mean difference = 0.97, 95% CI 0.56–1.38, n = 3,258; slit-lamp mode, p = 2.40e-5, mean difference = 1.05, 95% CI 0.56–1.54, n = 3298; two-sided Student’s t-tests). The cross symbols denote the means, the thick central lines and triangle symbols denote the medians, the lower and upper box limits denote the lowest and third quartiles, and the whiskers extend from the box to the outermost extreme values but no more than 1.5 times the interquartile range in panel (j–m). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.