Fig. 3: Catalytic performance of Rh-MFI-cal zeolite in ethylene hydroformylation with syngas and comparison with state-of-the-art catalysts.

a Propanal (red line) and ethane (violet line) space time yield (STY) with corresponding values at the right axe, at 50, 70 and 90 °C (left, middle and right panels respectively), and selectivity to propanal (green bar), ethane (brown bar) and propanol (violet bar) with corresponding values on the left axe. b 3D map of TOF and propanal selectivity versus temperature of state-of-the-art-phosphine-free solid catalysts. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.