Fig. 3: Migratory bird stopover density and hotspot maps for the contiguous United States.
From: Artificial light at night is a top predictor of bird migration stopover density
A Spring and B fall predicted migrant stopover density for 2020. C Spring and D fall relative stopover categories from predicted 2020 stopover density. Red shades denote pixels above the 90th quantile of predicted stopover density, yellow pixels between the 50th and 90th quantile of migrant stopover density, and gray shows pixels below the 50th quantile of migrant stover density. Relative quantiles identified using a circular focal window radius of 265 km, which relates to measured average nightly flight distances of tracked free-flying Swainson’s (Catharus ustulatus) and hermit (C. guttatus) thrushes29. The western flyway is defined as the contiguous United States west of 103° west longitude, the central flyway is the contiguous United States between 103° and 90° west longitude, and the eastern flyway is the contiguous United States east of 90° west longitude.
