Table 1 Estimated date of peak detection and estimated tolerance interval

From: Utilizing river and wastewater as a SARS-CoV-2 surveillance tool in settings with limited formal sewage systems

Wave (VOC)

Environmental Surveillance (95% tolerance interval)

Active Surveillance (95% tolerance interval)

Passive Surveillance (DHO) (95% tolerance interval)

Wave 1

7-13-2020 (5-28-2020, 8-01-2020)

NA

7-15-2020 (7-14-2020, 7-17-2020)

Wave 2 (Beta)

12-05-2020 (10-29-2020, 12-23-2020)

1-27-2021 (1-22-2021, 1-31-2021)

1-05-2021 (1-04-2021, 1-06-2021)

Wave 3 (Delta)

7-22-2021 (7-14-2021, 8-04-2021)

7-22-2021 (7-19-2021, 7-25-2021)

7-09-2021 (7-08-2021, 7-12-2021)

Wave 4 (Omicron)

12-28-2021 (12-22-2021, 3-07, 2022)

12-30-2022 (12-26-2021, 1-05-2022)

1-04-2022 (1-03-2022, 1-05-2022)

  1. Timing of the maximum detection rates for each wave estimated from environmental surveillance, community active surveillance, and community passive surveillance, respectively. Both active and passive detection lags behind ES detection, except during the Delta wave. Dates indicate the detected peak with 95% tolerance showing the date range of the peaks.
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