Fig. 4: Screening of transporters for efficient shikimate uptake by S. cerevisiae.
a The shikimate-to-tyrosine pathway. b Shikimate utilization by S. cerevisiae strains with overexpression of Aro7G141S, AroL, and/or Aro1 in the medium containing 0.5 g/l shikimate after 3-day fermentation. c Shikimate utilization of S. cerevisiae strains containing prokaryotic shikimate transporters and eukaryotic quinate permeases in the medium containing 1 g/l shikimate after 3-day fermentation. d Shikimate utilization by S. cerevisiae strains harboring the codon-optimized A. niger quinate permeases, AnQut1co and AnQut2co. The negative control strains contained the empty plasmid, pRS413. Strains were grown in SC-his medium containing 80 g/l glucose and 1 g/l shikimate. The negative control samples demonstrated that higher than 100% of shikimate remained in the medium at the end of the fermentation, which was the consequence of secretion of the endogenously produced shikimate in combination with reduced volumes due to minor evaporation. Cg Corynebacterium glutaminum, Ec Escherichia coli, An Aspergillus niger, co codon optimization. Data are presented as mean ± S.D., n = 3 per group for (b) and (d) and n = 5 per group for (c). Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sided Student’s t test. Selected comparisons are shown. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus negative controls. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
