Fig. 4: Fluid elasticity effects on electroconvective viscous fingering.
From: Electroconvective viscous fingering in a single polyelectrolyte fluid on a charge selective surface
a The first normal stress difference (\({N}_{1}\)), b viscosity (\({\mu }_{b}\)), and c, yield stress (\({\tau }_{y}\)) v.s. PAA concentrations. \({N}_{1}\) was averaged in shear rate range ( < 1 s−1) because EC experience the shear rate lower than 1 s−1 (\({N}_{1}\) data are obtained from the rheometer tests in Supplementary Fig. 8). d The onset time of EC, e the number of fingers and f its width were measured from the experiment in Fig. 2 and Supplementary Video 1 (the applied voltage of 30 V in 0.1–2 wt% PAA solutions). \({c}^{*}\) = 0.84 wt% is the overlap concentration of the PAA solution.
