Fig. 4: Comparing hourly-reliable, net-zero hydrogen production costs. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Comparing hourly-reliable, net-zero hydrogen production costs.

From: A cost comparison of various hourly-reliable and net-zero hydrogen production pathways in the United States

Fig. 4: Comparing hourly-reliable, net-zero hydrogen production costs.

Hourly-reliable, net-zero hydrogen production cost comparison between electricity-based and fossil-based production pathways assuming next decade technologies and facility locations in (a) Sacramento, CA, (b) Albany, NY, and (c) El Paso, TX. *Refers to an electricity-based hydrogen production scenario with possible on-site solar PV, energy storage, and an unconstrained grid connection. **Refers to an electricity-based production scenario with on-site solar PV, energy storage, and constrained grid use. (1) SMR-CCS with process CO2 capture, (2) SMR-CCS with process and flue gas CO2 capture, (3) ATR-CCS with process CO2 capture. LCOH refers to the levelized cost of hydrogen production in units of United States dollars per kg (USD/kg). PV refers to photovoltaic. GWP refers to global warming potential. SMR refers to steam methane reforming. CCS refers to carbon capture and storage. ATR refers to auto-thermal reforming.

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