Fig. 6: Next-decade technology IRA emission and cost analysis.
a Total GHG emissions (in kg CO2e / kg H2 produced), unsubsidized LCOH (in $/kg H2), and subsidized LCOH (in $/kg H2) for each hourly reliable hydrogen production pathway, for each state, assuming a 20-year GWP timeframe, 1.5% natural gas leakage, and including embodied emissions of electricity-generating sources. b Total GHG emissions (in kg CO2e/kg H2 produced), unsubsidized LCOH (in $/kg H2), and subsidized LCOH (in $/kg H2) for each hourly reliable hydrogen production pathway, for each state, assuming a 100-year GWP timeframe, 1.5% natural gas leakage, and excluding embodied emissions. The subsidized LCOH values that consider 45V are valid for the first 10 years of project operation as defined in the IRA. The subsidized LCOH values that consider 45Q are valid for the first 12 years of project operation as defined in the IRA. LCOH refers to the levelized cost of hydrogen production in units of United States dollars per kg (USD/kg). GWP refers to global warming potential. GHG refers to greenhouse gas. IRA refers to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. PV refers to photovoltaic. SMR refers to steam methane reforming. CCS refers to carbon capture and storage. ATR refers to auto-thermal reforming.
