Fig. 1: Array placements and interactions.

a Four NeuroPort electrode arrays (Blackrock Neurotech, Inc.) were implanted in the hand and arm representations of motor cortex (M1) and the hand representation of somatosensory cortex (Brodmann’s area 1, S1). Here, the implant locations are shown for participant C1. The implant locations for the other two participants are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1. Black lines indicate the posterior-medial corner of each array, which is used as a reference in later figures. b M1 responses to ICMS trains delivered to S1. Responses of three example motor channels (spike rasters above and averaged, smoothed firing rates below) that were excited by ICMS (left) and three that were inhibited by ICMS (right). Black horizontal lines indicate the period of ICMS. The green rasters are from participant P3, the rest are from participant C1.